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CMGI RADIOCHEMISTRY AND CYCLOTRON FACILITY
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The Radiochemistry and Cyclotron Facility produces radioactive targeting molecules for PET imaging studies.
Services offered:
- We produce a menu of PET tracers which are not commercially available.
- We perform custom syntheses of novel PET tracers
- Our on-site cyclotron allows production on demand of PET radionuclides 18F, 11C, 13N, and 15O
- The PET radionuclide 64Cu is also available from third party vendors
- 99mTc SPECT tracers are also available
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An 11 MeV cyclotron (Siemens RDS 111) in the CMGI radiochemistry facility can produce multiple PET radionuclides on demand. |
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Radionuclides
The most commonly used PET radionuclides are 18F and 11C, which are produced on site. 64Cu, available weekly, is useful for PET imaging and also has favorable properties for radiotherapy due to its relatively long half life and ß- decay.
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PET Radionuclide Properties
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Radionuclide
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Half-life
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Decay mode(s)
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Availability
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18F
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110 min
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ß+
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Daily on site
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11C
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20 min
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ß+
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Daily on site
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13N
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10 min
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ß+
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Daily on site
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15O
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2 min
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ß+
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Daily on site
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64Cu
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12.7 h
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ß+ and ß-
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Daily on site
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PET Radiotracers Available at CMGI
PET uses 18F- or 11C-substituted analogs of small molecules that are involved in biochemical processes, to elucidate image tissue perfusion, metabolism, drug/receptor interactions, and gene expression in vivo. For example, [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose, an analog of glucose, is used to image areas of high metabolism, such as rapidly proliferating tumors. Targeting molecules may also be covalently conjugated to a metal binding chelating agent, such as DOTA or TETA, to be radiolabeled with 64Cu for PET imaging.
Click here for a price list
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[18F]Fluoride
Uses: [18F]Fluoride in aqueous solution is used primarily to image bone and therefore can provide information on features of the skeleton.
Half life: 110 minutes
Availability: daily
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[18F]FDG
Chemical name: [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose
Uses: FDG, one of the most commonly utilized tracers for PET studies, is used to measure tissue glucose metabolism. It has important diagnostic and research applications in oncology, neurology, and cardiology.
Half life: 110 minutes
Availability: daily
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[18F]FHBG
Chemical name: 9-(4-[18F]Fluoro-3-Hydroxymethylbutyl) Guanine
Uses: Imaging probe for the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) reporter gene, which can be transfected into malignant cells in experimental suicide gene therapy.
Half life: 110 minutes
Availability: daily
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[18F]FLT
Chemical name: [18F]Fluorothymidine
Uses: A marker for cell proliferation that is more specific for tumor imaging than [18F]FDG.
Half life: 110 minutes
Availability: daily
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[18F]FMISO
Chemical name: [18F]Fluoromisonidazole
Uses: Used for the detection of hypoxia in tumors, myocardial infarcts, or cerebral ischemia.
Half life: 110 minutes
Availability: daily
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[64Cu]Cu-PTSM
Chemical name: [64Cu]Cu-pyruvaldehyde-bis[N4-methylthiosemicarbazone]
Uses: Tracer for blood flow, hypoxia, and cell binding studies.
Half life: 12.7 hours
Availability: 64Cu is available approximately every two weeks. Please inquire for specific dates.
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[64Cu]Cu-Chelate-Conjugates (above)
Uses: Molecular probes (e.g., antibodies, peptides, and nanoparticles) can be conjugated to chelating (metal binding) agents, which bind 64Cu. The example structure is a protein conjugated to the 64Cu binding chelator tetraazacyclotetradecane (TETA).
Half life: 12.7 hours
Availability: 64Cu is available weekly. Please inquire for specific dates.
Special notes: CMGI Radiochemistry can conjugate a chelating agent to a client-supplied molecular probe as a custom synthesis; or the client may provide a chelate-conjugated probe.
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Facility Design and Equipment
The Radiochemistry facility is equipped to produce radionuclides and prepare PET tracers by automated and manual synthesis.
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An 11 MeV cyclotron (Siemens RDS111) is used to produce 18F, 11C, 13N, and 15O.
- Radionuclides are delivered directly to shielded hot cells (above), in which radiochemical reactions are performed. The hot cells are shielded with 3 inches of lead and 9 inch leaded glass windows.
- Two hot cells are equipped with remote manipulators, to perform manual reactions.
- Automated synthesis units (left) for 18F and 11C chemistry are used for routine syntheses.
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Click the image below to see radiosynthesis performed via remote manipulators
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Novel Radiochemistry and Custom Synthesis
4-[18F]fluorobenzoic acid (FBA) and 2-[18F]fluoropropionic acid (FPA) are used as building blocks for the synthesis of complex molecules such as [18F]-fluoropaclitaxel and as prosthetic groups for the labeling of peptides and proteins. The synthesis of FBA has been automated.
Peptides may be site-specifically radiolabeled in the solid phase with 18F via the prosthetic groups 4-[18F]fluorobenzoic acid (FBA) or 2-[18F]fluoropropionic acid (FPA). In cases where solution-phase labeling is preferred, Cu catalyzed 1,3-dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition (“Click” chemistry) is used. Peptides may also be conjugated to a chelating (metal binding) agent for 64Cu radiolabeling.
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“Click” chemistry for radiolabeling of
peptides with [18F]fluoroalkynes.
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Solid phase peptide labeling using
4-[18F]fluorobenzoic acid (FBA). |
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References
Under construction
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